Testing frequency, methodology, and sample numbers are based on an assesment of biosecurity and risk level that varies depending on whether the location uses static, individually ventilated caging (IVC), or is isolator-raised. IVC's are more biosecure, but pose some diagnostic challenges, which Taconic addresses through additional testing elements. Taconic has designed a multifaceted testing program in which the highest concern agents are screened using different methodologies to increase the likelihood of accurate and rapid detection.
IHMS Testing Program
International Health Monitoring System™
| Core testing program | Opportunist screening | IVC PCR testing | IVC exhaust air duct testing | Isolator microbial monitoring | Bacteria 16S rRNA gene screening |
Predominantly sentinel-based health testing comprised of virus detection, full bacteriology, and parasitology. Core testing occurs in ALL Taconic production locations. Agents are typically tested quarterly in gnotobiotic isolators (GF/DF standards) and IVC locations (OF colonies) or monthly (static cage MPF colonies), but this varies by agent. | Monthly culture-based screening to detect non-tolerated opportunists at the OF standard (aerobic culture). | Additional cage level testing of line animals via PCR in locations using IVC housing. This added screening uses a different test methodology from the core testing program to enhance the overall detectability of key agents and is designed to address the challenge of animal health monitoring in IVCs. | Screening of the exhaust air from IVC cages to provide a snapshot of all cages on a rack. This method is particularly well suited to detection of certain agents. | Culture-based screening to detect bacterial and fungal contamination of gnotobiotic isolators (aerobic and anaerobic culture). | 16S PCR screening in Germ Free isolators to detect bacterial rRNA genes. Testing is performed on pooled fecal samples from each isolator on a monthly basis. |
| See below for more details | |||||
The core testing program is comprised of virus detection, full bacteriology, and parasitology. This testing predominantly uses sentinels, but in locations with immunodeficient animals, line animals may be used for the diagnostic portion of health monitoring (microbiology, molecular biology, and parasitology), with sentinels used for the serological portion. For all barrier housing units with static caging: Quarterly, Semiannual and Annual core panels test a minimum of 10 animals, and Monthly core panels test a minimum of 5 animals. For housing units with IVCs: Quarterly, Semiannual and Annual core panels test 1 animal per housing rack side. Additional cage level PCR and exhaust air duct (EAD) testing is performed quarterly in IVC locations. In IVC locations, the three test programs (core testing, IVC PCR and exhaust air duct testing) rotate such that testing for one of the three program elements occurs each month.
| Agents | Species Tested | Test Method | MPF™ Static Cage Frequency | RF, OF Individually Ventilated Cage Frequency | GF/DF Frequency |
Viruses | |||||
| Kilham Rat Virus (KRV) | R | MFI | Monthly | Quarterly | Quarterly |
| Minute Virus of Mice (MVM) | M | MFI | Monthly | Quarterly | Quarterly |
| Mouse Encephalomyelitis Virus (GDVII)/ Rat Theilovirus (RTV) | M, R | MFI | Monthly | Quarterly | Quarterly |
| Mouse Hepatitis Virus (MHV) | M | MFI | Monthly | Quarterly | Quarterly |
| Murine Norovirus (MNV) | M | MFI | Monthly | Quarterly | Quarterly |
| Mouse Parvovirus (MPV) | M | MFI | Monthly | Quarterly | Quarterly |
| Mouse Rotavirus (EDIM) | M | MFI | Monthly | Quarterly | Quarterly |
| Pneumonia Virus (PVM) | M, R | MFI | Monthly | Quarterly | Quarterly |
| Rat Coronavirus (RCV)/Sialodacryoadenitis Virus (SDAV) | R | MFI | Monthly | Quarterly | Quarterly |
| Rat Minute Virus (RMV) | R | MFI | Monthly | Quarterly | Quarterly |
| Rat Parvovirus (RPV) | R | MFI | Monthly | Quarterly | Quarterly |
| Rat Polyomavirus 2 (RPyV2) | R | MFI | Annually | Annually | Annually |
| Rat Rotavirus (IDIR) | R | MFI | Annually | Annually | Annually |
| Toolan's H1 Virus (TH1) | R | MFI | Monthly | Quarterly | Quarterly |
| Ectromelia Virus | M | MFI | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly |
| Hantaan Virus | M, R | MFI | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly |
| K Virus | M | MFI | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly |
| Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCM) | M, R | MFI | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly |
| Mouse Adenovirus I and II (FL and K87) | M, R | MFI | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly |
| Mouse Cytomegalovirus (MCMV) | M | MFI | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly |
| Mouse Kidney Parvovirus (MKPV) | M | PCR | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly |
| Polyoma Virus (mouse) | M | MFI | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly |
| Reovirus (Reo 3) | M, R | MFI | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly |
| Sendai Virus | M, R | MFI | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly |
| Thymic Virus | M | MFI | Semiannually | Semiannually | Semiannually |
| Lactate Dehydrogenase Elevating Virus (LDHV) | M | MFI | Annually | Annually | Annually |
Bacteria, mycoplasma, fungi | |||||
| Beta hemolytic Streptococcus (non Group D) | M, R | Culture/PCR | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly |
| Bordetella bronchiseptica | M, R | Culture/PCR | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly |
| Filobacterium rodentium (CAR Bacillus) | M, R | MFI | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly |
| Citrobacter rodentium | M | Culture/PCR | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly |
| Clostridium piliforme | M, R | MFI | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly |
| Corynebacterium bovis | M, R | Culture/PCR | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly |
| Dermatophytes | M, R | PCR | Annually | Annually | Annually |
| Corynebacterium kutscheri | M, R | Culture/PCR | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly |
| Helicobacter spp. | M, R | PCR | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | M, R | Culture/PCR | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | M, R | Culture/PCR | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly |
| Mycoplasma pulmonis | M, R | MFI | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly |
| Pasteurella multocida | M, R | PCR | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly |
| Pneumocystis spp. | M, R | PCR | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly |
| Proteus spp. | M, R | Culture/PCR | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | M, R | Culture/PCR | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly |
| Rodentibacter heylii | M, R | Culture/PCR | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly |
| Rodentibacter pneumotropicus | M, R | Culture/PCR | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly |
| Salmonella spp. | M, R | Culture/PCR | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly |
| Staphylococcus aureus | M, R | Culture/PCR | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | M, R | Culture/PCR | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly |
| Streptobacillus moniliformis | M, R | PCR | Annually | Annually | Annually |
Parasites | |||||
| Endoparasites | M, R | Microscopy/PCR | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly |
| ↳ Encephalitozoon cuniculi | M, R | MFI | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly |
| Ectoparasites | M, R | Microscopy/PCR | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly |
| Enteric Helminths | M, R | Microscopy/PCR | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly |
| Opportunist screening (OF) | Sample frequency | Source of microbial samples | Number of samples |
| OF: Aerobic cultures for beta hemolytic Streptococci, K. oxytoca, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, P. multocida, Proteus spp. | Monthly | Fecal pellets | For locations with individually ventilated cages: 1 - 2 column per housing rack and all sentinel cages. |
PCR testing is performed on fecal samples collected from line animal cages on IVC racks. 10 line animal cages per rack side are tested on a quarterly basis.
| Agents | Species | IVC PCR (mouse) | IVC PCR (rat) |
| Kilham Rats Virus (KRV) | R | X | |
| Minute Virus of Mice (MVM) | M | X | |
| Mouse Encephalomyelitis Virus (GDVII)/Rat Theilovirus (RTV) | M,R | X | X |
| Mouse Hepatitis Virus (MHV) | M | X | |
| Mouse Parvovirus (MPV) | M | X | |
| Mouse Rotavirus (EDIM) | M | X | |
| Murine Norovirus (MNV) | M | X | |
| Pneumonia Virus of Mice (PVM) | M,R | X | X |
| Rat Coronavirus (RCV)/Sialodacryoadenitis Virus (SDAV) | R | X | |
| Rat Minute Virus (RMV) | R | X | |
| Rat Parvovirus (RPV) | R | X | |
| Toolan's H1 Virus (TH1) | R | X | |
| Corynebacterium bovis | M,R | X | X |
| Pasteurella multocida | M,R | X | X |
| Rodentibacter heylii | M,R | X | X |
| Rodentibacter pneumotropicus | M,R | X | X |
| Aspiculuris tetraptera | M,R | X | X |
| Syphacia spp. | M,R | X | X |
PCR testing is performed on total nucleic acids extracted from the exhaust air duct (EAD) filter on each IVC rack. This testing is performed quarterly on each rack.
| Agents | Species | EAD (mouse) | EAD (rat) |
| Kilham Rats Virus (KRV) | R | X | |
| Minute Virus of Mice (MVM) | M | X | |
| Mouse Encephalomyelitis Virus (GDVII)/Rat Theilovirus (RTV) | M,R | X | X |
| Mouse Hepatitis Virus (MHV) | M | X | |
| Mouse Parvovirus (MPV) | M | X | |
| Mouse Rotavirus (EDIM) | M | X | |
| Murine Norovirus (MNV) | M | X | |
| Mouse Kidney Parvovirus (MKPV) | M | X | |
| Pneumonia Virus of Mice (PVM) | M,R | X | X |
| Rat Coronavirus (RCV)/Sialodacryoadenitis Virus (SDAV) | R | X | |
| Rat Minute Virus (RMV) | R | X | |
| Rat Parvovirus (RPV) | R | X | |
| Toolan's H1 Virus (TH1) | R | X | |
| Corynebacterium bovis | M,R | X | X |
| Helicobacter spp. | M,R | X | X |
| Pasteurella multocida | M,R | X | X |
| Rodentibacter heylii | M,R | X | X |
| Rodentibacter pneumotropicus | M,R | X | X |
| Aspiculuris tetraptera | M,R | X | X |
| Entamoeba muris | M,R | X | X |
| Myobia musculi | M,R | X | X |
| Myocoptes musculinus | M,R | X | X |
| Ornithonyssus bacoti | M,R | X | X |
| Spironucleus muris | M,R | X | X |
| Syphacia spp. | M,R | X | X |
| Trichomonas muris | M,R | X | X |
| Radfordia spp. | M,R | X | X |
| Microbial monitoring (DF, GF) | Sample frequency | Source of microbial samples | Number of samples |
| Cultures for all aerobic and anaerobic organisms | Biweekly (DF) or weekly (GF) | Animals (feces) and environment (feed, water, isolator surfaces, etc.) | One pooled sample per isolator |
- Murine Pathogen Free™ (MPF™) health standard — open top caging locations
- Murine Pathogen Free™ (MPF™) health standard — individually ventilated caging locations
- Opportunist Free™ (OF™) health standards — individually ventilated caging locations
- Defined Flora (DF) health standard
- Germ Free (GF) health standard
Murine Pathogen Free™ (MPF™) health standard — open top caging locations
| Core testing program | Opportunist screening | IVC PCR testing | IVC exhaust air duct testing | Isolator microbial monitoring | Bacteria 16S rRNA gene screening | ||
| Agent | Species tested | Applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Viruses | |||||||
| Kilham Rat Virus (KRV) | R | Monthly | |||||
| Minute Virus of Mice (MVM) | M | Monthly | |||||
| Mouse Encephalomyelitis Virus (GDVII)/ Rat Theilovirus (RTV) | M, R | Monthly | |||||
| Mouse Hepatitis Virus (MHV) | M | Monthly | |||||
| Murine Norovirus (MNV) | M | Monthly | |||||
| Mouse Parvovirus (MPV) | M | Monthly | |||||
| Mouse Rotavirus (EDIM) | M | Monthly | |||||
| Pneumonia Virus(PVM) | M, R | Monthly | |||||
| Rat Coronavirus (RCV)/Sialodacryoadenitis Virus (SDAV) | R | Monthly | |||||
| Rat Minute Virus (RMV) | R | Monthly | |||||
| Rat Parvovirus (RPV) | R | Monthly | |||||
| Rat Polyomavirus 2 (RPyV2) | R | Annually | |||||
| Rat Rotavirus (IDIR) | R | Annually | |||||
| Toolan's H1 Virus (TH1) | R | Monthly | |||||
| Ectromelia Virus | M | Quarterly | |||||
| Hantaan Virus | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| K Virus | M | Quarterly | |||||
| Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCM) | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Mouse Adenovirus I and II (FL and K87) | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Mouse Cytomegalovirus (MCMV) | M | Quarterly | |||||
| Mouse Kidney Parvovirus (MKPV) | M | Quarterly | |||||
| Polyoma Virus (mouse) | M | Quarterly | |||||
| Reovirus (Reo 3) | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Sendai Virus | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Thymic Virus | M | Semiannually | |||||
| Lactate Dehydrogenase Elevating Virus (LDHV) | M | Annually | |||||
| Bacteria, mycoplasma, fungi | |||||||
| Beta hemolytic Streptococcus (non Group D) | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Bordetella bronchiseptica | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Filobacterium rodentium (CAR Bacillus) | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Citrobacter rodentium | M | Quarterly | |||||
| Clostridium piliforme | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Corynebacterium bovis | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Corynebacterium kutscheri | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Dermatophytes | M, R | Annually | |||||
| Helicobacter spp. | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Klebsiella oxytoca | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Mycoplasma pulmonis | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Pasteurella multocida | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Pneumocystis spp. | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Proteus spp. | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Rodentibacter heylii | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Rodentibacter pneumotropicus | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Salmonella spp. | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Staphylococcus aureus | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Streptobacillus moniliformis | M, R | Annually | |||||
| Parasites | |||||||
| Endoparasites | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| ↳ Encephalitozoon cuniculi | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Ectoparasites | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Enteric Helminths | M, R | Quarterly |
Murine Pathogen Free™ (MPF™) health standard — individually ventilated caging locations
| Core testing program | Opportunist screening | IVC PCR testing | IVC exhaust air duct testing | Isolator microbial monitoring | Bacteria 16S rRNA gene screening | ||
| Agent | Species tested | Applicable | Not applicable | Applicable | Applicable1 | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Viruses | |||||||
| Kilham Rat Virus (KRV) | R | Monthly | Quarterly | Quarterly1 | |||
| Minute Virus of Mice (MVM) | M | Monthly | Quarterly | Quarterly1 | |||
| Mouse Encephalomyelitis Virus (GDVII)/ Rat Theilovirus (RTV) | M, R | Monthly | Quarterly | Quarterly1 | |||
| Mouse Hepatitis Virus (MHV) | M | Monthly | Quarterly | Quarterly1 | |||
| Murine Norovirus (MNV) | M | Monthly | Quarterly | Quarterly1 | |||
| Mouse Parvovirus (MPV) | M | Monthly | Quarterly | Quarterly1 | |||
| Mouse Rotavirus (EDIM) | M | Monthly | Quarterly | Quarterly1 | |||
| Pneumonia Virus(PVM) | M, R | Monthly | Quarterly | Quarterly1 | |||
| Rat Coronavirus (RCV)/Sialodacryoadenitis Virus (SDAV) | R | Monthly | Quarterly | Quarterly1 | |||
| Rat Minute Virus (RMV) | R | Monthly | Quarterly | Quarterly1 | |||
| Rat Parvovirus (RPV) | R | Monthly | Quarterly | Quarterly1 | |||
| Rat Polyomavirus 2 (RPyV2) | R | Annually | |||||
| Rat Rotavirus (IDIR) | R | Annually | |||||
| Toolan's H1 Virus (TH1) | R | Monthly | Quarterly | Quarterly1 | |||
| Ectromelia Virus | M | Quarterly | |||||
| Hantaan Virus | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| K Virus | M | Quarterly | |||||
| Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCM) | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Mouse Adenovirus I and II (FL and K87) | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Mouse Cytomegalovirus (MCMV) | M | Quarterly | |||||
| Mouse Kidney Parvovirus (MKPV) | M | Quarterly | Quarterly1 | ||||
| Polyoma Virus (mouse) | M | Quarterly | |||||
| Reovirus (Reo 3) | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Sendai Virus | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Thymic Virus | M | Semiannually | |||||
| Lactate Dehydrogenase Elevating Virus (LDHV) | M | Annually | |||||
| Bacteria, mycoplasma, fungi | |||||||
| Beta hemolytic Streptococcus (non Group D) | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Bordetella bronchiseptica | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Filobacterium rodentium (CAR Bacillus) | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Citrobacter rodentium | M | Quarterly | |||||
| Clostridium piliforme | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Corynebacterium bovis | M, R | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly1 | |||
| Corynebacterium kutscheri | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Dermatophytes | M, R | Annually | |||||
| Helicobacter spp. | M, R | Quarterly | Quarterly1 | ||||
| Klebsiella oxytoca | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Mycoplasma pulmonis | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Pasteurella multocida | M, R | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly1 | |||
| Pneumocystis spp. | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Proteus spp. | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Rodentibacter heylii | M, R | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly1 | |||
| Rodentibacter pneumotropicus | M, R | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly1 | |||
| Salmonella spp. | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Staphylococcus aureus | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Streptobacillus moniliformis | M, R | Annually | |||||
| Parasites | |||||||
| Endoparasites | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| ↳ Encephalitozoon cuniculi | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Ectoparasites | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Enteric Helminths | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Aspiculuris tetraptera | M, R | Quarterly | Quarterly1 | ||||
| Eimeria spp. | M, R | ||||||
| Encephalitozoon cuniculi | M, R | ||||||
| Entamoeba spp. | M, R | Quarterly (Entamoeba muris)1 | |||||
| Giardia muris | M, R | ||||||
| Hymenolepis spp. | M, R | ||||||
| Myobia musculi | M, R | Quarterly1 | |||||
| Myocoptes musculinus | M, R | Quarterly1 | |||||
| Ornithonyssus bacoti | M, R | Quarterly1 | |||||
| Polyplax spinulosa | M, R | ||||||
| Psorergates simplex | M, R | ||||||
| Radfordia affinis | M, R | Quarterly1 | |||||
| Rodentolepis spp. | M, R | ||||||
| Spironucleus muris | M, R | Quarterly1 | |||||
| Syphacia spp. | M, R | Quarterly | Quarterly1 | ||||
| Trichomonads | M, R | Quarterly1 (Trichomonas muris) |
1. Not all IVC racks are compatible with exhaust air duct (EAD) filters. Where possible, EAD filters will be installed and tested, but some locations will not perform this testing due to the rack-filter incompatibility.
Opportunist Free™ (OF™) health standards — individually ventilated caging locations
| Core testing program | Opportunist screening | IVC PCR testing | IVC exhaust air duct testing | Isolator microbial monitoring | Bacteria 16S rRNA gene screening | ||
| Agent | Species tested | Applicable | Applicable | Applicable | Applicable1 | Not applicable | Not applicable |
| Viruses | |||||||
| Kilham Rat Virus (KRV) | R | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly1 | |||
| Minute Virus of Mice (MVM) | M | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly1 | |||
| Mouse Encephalomyelitis Virus (GDVII)/ Rat Theilovirus (RTV) | M, R | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly1 | |||
| Mouse Hepatitis Virus (MHV) | M | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly1 | |||
| Murine Norovirus (MNV) | M | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly1 | |||
| Mouse Parvovirus (MPV) | M | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly1 | |||
| Rat Polyomavirus 2 (RPyV2) | R | Annually | |||||
| Rat Rotavirus (IDIR) | R | Annually | |||||
| Mouse Rotavirus (EDIM) | M | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly1 | |||
| Pneumonia Virus(PVM) | M, R | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly1 | |||
| Rat Coronavirus (RCV)/Sialodacryoadenitis Virus (SDAV) | R | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly1 | |||
| Rat Minute Virus (RMV) | R | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly1 | |||
| Rat Parvovirus (RPV) | R | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly1 | |||
| Toolan's H1 Virus (TH1) | R | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly1 | |||
| Ectromelia Virus | M | Quarterly | |||||
| Hantaan Virus | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| K Virus | M | Quarterly | |||||
| Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCM) | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Mouse Adenovirus I and II (FL and K87) | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Mouse Cytomegalovirus (MCMV) | M | Quarterly | |||||
| Mouse Kidney Parvovirus (MKPV) | M | Quarterly | Quarterly1 | ||||
| Polyoma Virus (mouse) | M | Quarterly | |||||
| Reovirus (Reo 3) | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Sendai Virus | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Thymic Virus | M | Semiannually | |||||
| Lactate Dehydrogenase Elevating Virus (LDHV) | M | Annually | |||||
| Bacteria, mycoplasma, fungi | |||||||
| Beta hemolytic Streptococcus (non Group D) | M, R | Quarterly | Monthly | ||||
| Bordetella bronchiseptica | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Filobacterium rodentium (CAR Bacillus) | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Citrobacter rodentium | M | Quarterly | |||||
| Clostridium piliforme | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Corynebacterium bovis | M, R | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly1 | |||
| Corynebacterium kutscheri | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Dermatophytes | M, R | Annually | |||||
| Helicobacter spp. | M, R | Quarterly | Quarterly1 | ||||
| Klebsiella oxytoca | M, R | Quarterly | Monthly | ||||
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | M, R | Quarterly | Monthly | ||||
| Mycoplasma pulmonis | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Pasteurella multocida | M, R | Quarterly | Monthly | Quarterly | Quarterly1 | ||
| Pneumocystis spp. | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Proteus spp. | M, R | Quarterly | Monthly at OF | ||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | M, R | Quarterly | Monthly | ||||
| Salmonella spp. | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Rodentibacter heylii | M, R | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly1 | |||
| Rodentibacter pneumotropicus | M, R | Quarterly | Quarterly | Quarterly1 | |||
| Staphylococcus aureus | M, R | Quarterly | Monthly | ||||
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Streptobacillus moniliformis | M, R | Annually | |||||
| Parasites | |||||||
| Endoparasites | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| ↳ Encephalitozoon cuniculi | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Ectoparasites | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Enteric Helminths | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Aspiculuris tetraptera | M, R | Quarterly | Quarterly1 | ||||
| Eimeria spp. | M, R | ||||||
| Encephalitozoon cuniculi | M, R | ||||||
| Entamoeba spp. | M, R | Quarterly (Entamoeba muris)1 | |||||
| Giardia muris | M, R | ||||||
| Hymenolepis spp. | M, R | ||||||
| Myobia musculi | M, R | Quarterly1 | |||||
| Myocoptes musculinus | M, R | Quarterly1 | |||||
| Ornithonyssus bacoti | M, R | Quarterly1 | |||||
| Polyplax spinulosa | M, R | ||||||
| Psorergates simplex | M, R | ||||||
| Radfordia affinis | M, R | Quarterly1 | |||||
| Rodentolepis spp. | M, R | ||||||
| Spironucleus muris | M, R | Quarterly1 | |||||
| Syphacia spp. | M, R | Quarterly | Quarterly1 | ||||
| Trichomonads | M, R | Quarterly1 (Trichomonas muris) |
1. Not all IVC racks are compatible with exhaust air duct (EAD) filters. Where possible, EAD filters will be installed and tested, but some locations will not perform this testing due to the rack-filter incompatibility.
Defined Flora (DF) health standard
| Core testing program | Opportunist screening | IVC PCR testing | IVC exhaust air duct testing | Isolator microbial monitoring | Bacteria 16S rRNA gene screening | ||
| Agent | Species tested | Applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Applicable | Not applicable |
| Viruses | |||||||
| Kilham Rat Virus (KRV) | R | Quarterly | |||||
| Minute Virus of Mice (MVM) | M | Quarterly | |||||
| Mouse Encephalomyelitis Virus (GDVII)/ Rat Theilovirus (RTV) | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Mouse Hepatitis Virus (MHV) | M | Quarterly | |||||
| Murine Norovirus (MNV) | M | Quarterly | |||||
| Mouse Parvovirus (MPV) | M | Quarterly | |||||
| Mouse Rotavirus (EDIM) | M | Quarterly | |||||
| Pneumonia Virus(PVM) | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Rat Coronavirus (RCV)/Sialodacryoadenitis Virus (SDAV) | R | Quarterly | |||||
| Rat Minute Virus (RMV) | R | Quarterly | |||||
| Rat Parvovirus (RPV) | R | Quarterly | |||||
| Rat Polyomavirus 2 (RPyV2) | R | Annually | |||||
| Rat Rotavirus (IDIR) | R | Annually | |||||
| Toolan's H1 Virus (TH1) | R | Quarterly | |||||
| Ectromelia Virus | M | Quarterly | |||||
| Hantaan Virus | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| K Virus | M | Quarterly | |||||
| Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCM) | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Mouse Adenovirus I and II (FL and K87) | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Mouse Cytomegalovirus (MCMV) | M | Quarterly | |||||
| Mouse Kidney Parvovirus (MKPV) | M | Quarterly | |||||
| Polyoma Virus (mouse) | M | Quarterly | |||||
| Reovirus (Reo 3) | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Sendai Virus | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Thymic Virus | M | Semiannually | |||||
| Lactate Dehydrogenase Elevating Virus (LDHV) | M | Annually | |||||
| Bacteria, mycoplasma, fungi | All bacterial, mycoplasma, fungal contaminants monitored bi-weekly | ||||||
| Beta hemolytic Streptococcus (non Group D) | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Bordetella bronchiseptica | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Filobacterium rodentium (CAR Bacillus) | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Citrobacter rodentium | M | Quarterly | |||||
| Clostridium piliforme | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Corynebacterium bovis | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Corynebacterium kutscheri | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Dermatophytes | M, R | Annually | |||||
| Helicobacter spp. | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Klebsiella oxytoca | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Mycoplasma pulmonis | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Pasteurella multocida | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Pneumocystis spp. | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Proteus spp. | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Rodentibacter heylii | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Rodentibacter pneumotropicus | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Salmonella spp. | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Staphylococcus aureus | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Streptobacillus moniliformis | M, R | Annually | |||||
| Parasites | |||||||
| Endoparasites | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| ↳ Encephalitozoon cuniculi | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Ectoparasites | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Enteric Helminths | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
Germ Free (GF) health standard
| Core testing program | Opportunist screening | IVC PCR testing | IVC exhaust air duct testing | Isolator microbial monitoring | Bacteria 16S rRNA gene screening | ||
| Agent | Species tested | Applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Applicable | Applicable |
| Viruses | |||||||
| Kilham Rat Virus (KRV) | R | Quarterly | |||||
| Minute Virus of Mice (MVM) | M | Quarterly | |||||
| Mouse Encephalomyelitis Virus (GDVII)/ Rat Theilovirus (RTV) | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Mouse Hepatitis Virus (MHV) | M | Quarterly | |||||
| Murine Norovirus (MNV) | M | Quarterly | |||||
| Mouse Parvovirus (MPV) | M | Quarterly | |||||
| Mouse Rotavirus (EDIM) | M | Quarterly | |||||
| Pneumonia Virus(PVM) | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Rat Coronavirus (RCV)/Sialodacryoadenitis Virus (SDAV) | R | Quarterly | |||||
| Rat Minute Virus (RMV) | R | Quarterly | |||||
| Rat Parvovirus (RPV) | R | Quarterly | |||||
| Rat Polyomavirus 2 (RPyV2) | R | Annually | |||||
| Rat Rotavirus (IDIR) | R | Annually | |||||
| Toolan's H1 Virus (TH1) | R | Quarterly | |||||
| Ectromelia Virus | M | Quarterly | |||||
| Hantaan Virus | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| K Virus | M | Quarterly | |||||
| Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCM) | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Mouse Adenovirus I and II (FL and K87) | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Mouse Cytomegalovirus (MCMV) | M | Quarterly | |||||
| Mouse Kidney Parvovirus (MKPV) | M | Quarterly | |||||
| Polyoma Virus (mouse) | M | Quarterly | |||||
| Reovirus (Reo 3) | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Sendai Virus | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Thymic Virus | M | Semiannually | |||||
| Lactate Dehydrogenase Elevating Virus (LDHV) | M | Annually | |||||
| Bacteria, mycoplasma, fungi | All bacterial, mycoplasma, fungal contaminants monitored weekly | Bacteria 16S rRNA gene screening performed monthly | |||||
| Beta hemolytic Streptococcus (non Group D) | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Bordetella bronchiseptica | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Filobacterium rodentium (CAR Bacillus) | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Citrobacter rodentium | M | Quarterly | |||||
| Clostridium piliforme | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Corynebacterium bovis | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Corynebacterium kutscheri | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Dermatophytes | M, R | Annually | |||||
| Helicobacter spp. | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Klebsiella oxytoca | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Mycoplasma pulmonis | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Pasteurella multocida | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Pneumocystis spp. | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Proteus spp. | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Rodentibacter heylii | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Rodentibacter pneumotropicus | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Salmonella spp. | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Staphylococcus aureus | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Streptobacillus moniliformis | M, R | Annually | |||||
| Parasites | |||||||
| Endoparasites | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| ↳ Encephalitozoon cuniculi | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Ectoparasites | M, R | Quarterly | |||||
| Enteric Helminths | M, R | Quarterly |