Gene Trapping
Gene trapping is a high throughput method of generating knockout mouse clones. It is a method of random mutagenesis by which the insertion of a DNA element into endogenous genes leads to transcriptional disruption. Unlike gene targeting by homologous recombination, a single gene trap vector can be used to mutate thousands of individual genes in mouse ES cells, as well as enable the rapid identification of the mutated genes.
The retroviral gene trap vectors contain a splice acceptor sequence followed by a promoter-less selectable marker. Insertion of the retroviral vector into an expressed gene leads to the splicing of the endogenous upstream exons into this cassette to generate a fusion transcript. The vectors also contain a promoter that is active in ES cells, followed by a first exon (such as that of the Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase gene, BTK) upstream of a splice donor signal. Splicing from this signal to the exons downstream of the insertion gives rise to a fusion transcript that can be used to generate a sequence tag of the trapped gene. The BTK gene also contains termination codons in all reading frames to prevent translation of downstream fusion transcripts.
The knockout models are designed to be null alleles. Due to compensatory genetic mechanisms, knockout status cannot be guaranteed and will have to be confirmed by the customer. Some validation data can be found in our phenotypic data packages.